http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/26 2026-04-22T15:47:13Z 2026-04-22T15:47:13Z Abebrese, S. O. Mustapha, S. A. Alex, Ok. K. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4606 2026-04-22T15:26:31Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EVALUATION OF ASSEMBLED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GERMPLASM FOR BREEDING PURPOSES IN NORTHERN GHANA Authors: Abebrese, S. O.; Mustapha, S. A.; Alex, Ok. K. Abstract: Background of the Study: Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an important staple food crop that feed over half of the global population and it has become the cereal that provides a major source of calories for the urban and rural poor in Africa. Rice has is the second most important food staple after maize in Ghana and its consumption keeps increasing as a result of population growth, urbanization and change in consumer habits. Rice yield across Ghana is far below achievable yield. The need for increasing rice yield depends not only on cultural/traditional practices but also on their inbuilt genetic potential to withstand stresses. Adequate diverse rice germplasm is a pre-requisite for breeding varieties to meet local biotic, abiotic and grain quality challenges. Knowledge of germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials is valuable information for crop improvement. Aim: To identify the diversity among assembled rice germplasms for evaluation and possibly exploit its genetic variability for earliness for cultivation in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna ecologies. Study Design: The experiment was conducted at CSIR-SARI research station, Nyanpkala. Using a Randomized Complete Block Design with two replications, and a plot size of 4 m x 3 m was used. Field data taken included 10 qualitative and 11 quantitative traits. The data were statistically analyzed for various descriptive statistics. Results: Correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis were used to assess genetic variability. Most of the morphological traits showed remarkable differences in their distribution. Five significant principal components were identified accounting for 78.11% of the total variation. Cluster analysis based on the morphological data grouped the germplasm into two distinct clusters suggesting diversity among the assembled rice germplasms. Conclusions: The rice germplasm used in the present study displayed variability for most of the studied traits with the exception of ligule. Twenty one out of the 100 germplasm were distant from the rest, and were selected to constitute a core collection for further improvement. Recommendations: Diversity revealed in this study is narrow. It is, therefore, recommended that rice breeding programs in Ghana should include new genetically unrelated genotypes in order to broaden the genetic base of Ghanaian rice germplasm.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Zinettaabu, D, Tengey, T. K. Alidu, S. M. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4604 2026-04-22T15:23:17Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: EVALUATION OF COWPEA F2 POPULATION FOR RESISTANCE TO FLOWER BUD THRIPS (MEGALUROTHRIPS SJOSTEDTI) Authors: Zinettaabu, D,; Tengey, T. K.; Alidu, S. M. Abstract: A study to screen F2 populations obtained from IT10K-837-1 x Sanzi for resistance to M. sjostedti. A total of 351 F2 plants were screened under field conditions and each line rated visually for thrips damage score, flower abortion rate, number of pods per plant and number of thrips per flower. The study was conducted during the 2020 cropping seasons where F2 seeds were planted under field conditions. Thrips damage score, flower abortion rate, number of pods per plant, and number of thrips per bloom was all visually scored for each accession. The data from the field and laboratory were analyzed using GENSTAT edition 12 to determine if there were any major variations among the cowpea genotypes. The approximate correlations among all measured parameters, including damage scores at 45 DAP, 55 DAP, 65 DAP, using were established using Breeding View software and heritability values were also calculated. There was a strong and significant correlation between thrips population and damage rating during the planting season. Thrips resistance levels identified in most genotypes in this study are interesting compared to the resistant check Sanzisabinli and can be further exploited for future studies to develop resistant varieties to improve cowpea yields.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Rosemond, O. S. Christopher, L. Herman, L. E. Ampem, G. K.A Emmanuel, D. Danso, P. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4602 2026-04-22T15:01:44Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: EXTRACT OF FERMENTED AND NON-FERMENTED SEEDS OF PARKIA BIGLOBOSA ATTENUATES HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND RELATED NEPHROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ANIMALS Authors: Rosemond, O. S.; Christopher, L.; Herman, L. E.; Ampem, G. K.A; Emmanuel, D.; Danso, P. Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus persists as a major global health challenge despite several interventions. Remedies from natural plant products such as Parkia biglobosa (PB) seeds promises to be an effective alternative with no or fewer side effects. This study sort to assess and compare the total protein, fatty acid profile, phytochemical, antioxidant and antihyperglycaemic effect of fermented (FSE) and non-fermented (NSE) seed extract of PB in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced (STZ-N) diabetic rats. Methods: Proximate composition (total proteins and lipids), fatty acid composition (by Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether followed GC-MS) as well as phytochemical constituent and radical scavenging activity were performed on FSE and NSE. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.w) followed by nicotinamide (110 mg/kg b.w) 15 minutes afterwards. Diabetic rats were orally treated with FSE and NSE (at 100 mg/kg b.w and 250 mg/kg b.w) or glibenclamide daily for 28 days. The antihyperglycemic effect was evaluated using biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), lipid profile and kidney function parameters. Result: Protein and crude fat levels in the fermented were higher than non-fermented (12.5% and 97.6%, respectively). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were present in both. NSE had higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The 250 mg/kg b.w of NSE and FSE reduced serum glucose levels by 53% and 42%, comparable to 39.5% of glibenclamide. total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were reduced, with increased HDL levels. Further improvement in kidney function parameters was observed compared to the diabetes control.Conclusion: This study showed that both non-fermented and fermented seed extract of PB exerted antihyperglycemic effects and had potent therapy for type 2 diabetes and related nephropathy

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Wardjomto, C. G. Mohammed, M. Ngmenzuma, T. Y. Mohale, K. C. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4601 2026-04-22T15:00:35Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: EFFECT OF RHIZOBIA INOCULATION AND SEAWEED EXTRACT (ECKLONIA MAXIMA) APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH, SYMBIOTIC PERFORMANCE AND NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.) Authors: Wardjomto, C. G.; Mohammed, M.; Ngmenzuma, T. Y.; Mohale, K. C. Abstract: Research efforts to develop alternatives to chemical-based fertilizers for sustainable crop production has led to renewed interest in beneficial soil microbes such as rhizobia and plant growth promoting biostimulants such as the seaweed (Ecklonia maxima). This study assessed the interactive effect of the co-application of seaweed extract with two Bradyrhizobium strains (Inoculant 1 and Inoculant 2) on the growth, symbiotic performance and nutritional composition of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes (IT97K 390-2, Songotra and TVU13998) grown under glasshouse conditions. The response of cowpea to the treatments was genotype dependent, such that the combined application of inoculant 2 plus seaweed extract increased nodule dry matter in genotype Songotra, and together with sole inoculant 2 increased the parameter in genotypeIT97K-390-2, justas theinoculation plus seaweed extract treatments increased the parameter in genotype TVU13998 when compared to their respective counterparts receiving other treatments. Sole inoculation or inoculation plus seaweed extract treatments increased shoot dry matter in all varieties (2.0 to 7.2 g.plant-1) relative to the control plants receiving sole nitrate (0.5 to 1.2 g.plant-1), sole seaweed extract (0.3 g.plant-1), nitrate plus seaweed extract (1.2 to 1.6 g.plant-1) or the absolute control (0.2 g.plant-1). Due to N2 f ixation in the inoculated plants, their leaf d15N (-2.66‰ to-1.20‰)were markedly lower (p≤0.001) than values recorded by the control plants (+3.30‰ to +510‰) which had no nodules; consequently, leaf N accumulation was greater in the inoculation-based treatments (41.2 to 258.2 mg.plant-1) relative to the uninoculated controls (1.7 to 24.7 mg.plant-1). In most instances, the sole inoculation and inoculation plus seaweed extract treatments increased leaf photosynthetic rates (except for genotype TVU13998 treated with inoculant 1 +seaweed extract), water use efficiency (d13C) (except in genotype TVU13998) and the concentrations of macro and micronutrients in leaves (except for K in Songotra treated with inoculant 1 or inoculant 1 + seaweed extract as well as Mn in TVU13998 treated with inoculant 1 among others) of the cowpeas relative to the controls. We highlight the potential benefits of the synergistic interactions between rhizobia and seaweed extract for enhancing plant growth and nutrient accumulation in cowpea leaves

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z