ASSESSING THE PERSPECTIVES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ON GHANA’S FOURTH REPUBLICAN DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF THE TAMALE METROPOLIS

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the perspectives of Ghanaian citizens regarding the manner in which power is exercised in the management of the country, based on the principles of democracy. The goal of this comprehensive analysis is to provide valuable insights into discussions surrounding the impact of democratic governance in Ghana and its significance on a global scale, as well as within the African context. By prioritising citizens' perspectives in this evaluation, the study aims to offer a more complete and inclusive assessment of the state of democracy in Ghana. The study adopted a qualitative case study approach. Twenty participants were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. The data were subjected to thematic analysis to reveal themes, categories, and patterns. The findings reveal that civil society expressed varied views, perspectives, and experiences regarding the Fourth Republican democracy. Civil society believes that Ghana’s democratic system, which is characterised by stability, multi-partism, periodic elections, and the rule of law, stands as a notable example of democratic resilience in Africa. However, civil society also indicated that public corruption and political polarisation remain critical impediments to democratic and economic progress, eroding public trust in institutions and deterring investment. The study proposed several recommendations, including allocating increased resources and building capacity within the legal system to ensure fair and impartial proceedings. Facilitating dialogue among political parties, such as through the Inter-Party Advisory Committee (IPAC), can help mitigate political polarisation and foster cooperation on national issues. Promoting transparency and accountability at all levels of government is crucial for restoring public confidence in leadership. Fostering a culture of integrity and civic engagement empowers citizens to hold their leaders accountable. Strengthening existing institutions, such as the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) and the Auditor-General's Department, is essential. Finally, a comprehensive constitutional review is imperative. This review should limit excessive presidential powers, enhance checks and balances among government branches, incorporate mechanisms for the direct election of local representatives, and extend parliamentary membership to traditional leaders to ensure diverse voices in governance.